Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands, and it has garnered attention in recent years for its potential role in improving egg quality, especially in the context of fertility treatments. This blog delves into the complex interplay between DHEA and egg quality, exploring the scientific, mechanisms of action, and considerations for those contemplating DHEA supplementation.
Understanding Egg Quality, a Crucial Factor in Fertility.
Egg quality plays a pivotal role in female fertility. As it is essential for the fertilisation of the egg and the development of a healthy embryo. Several factors influence egg quality, including age, genetics, lifestyle and overall health. As women age, the quality of their eggs tends to decline, which can impact fertility and increase the risk of chromosomal abnormalities leading to conditions such as Down syndrome.
The DHEA Connection: Unravelling the Mechanisms
DHEA is a precursor to both oestrogen and testosterone, two key sex hormones. While its primary production occurs in the adrenal glands, small amounts are also synthesised in the ovaries. Researchers have explored the potential benefits of DHEA supplementation, hypothesizing that it may positively influence egg quality through various mechanisms.
1. Antioxidant Properties:DHEA has been recognised for its antioxidant properties. Oxidative stress, resulting from an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants, can adversely affect egg quality. By acting as an antioxidant, DHEA may help neutralize free radicals, reducing the oxidative burden on developing eggs.
2. Enhanced Ovarian Function:Some studies propose that DHEA could enhance ovarian function. This includes improved responsiveness of ovarian follicles to stimulation, potentially leading to the development of healthier eggs. The exact pathways through which DHEA exerts these effects are still under investigation.
3. Mitochondrial Function:Mitochondrial, often referred to as the powerhouse of cells, play a crucial role in energy production. DHEA has been theorized to positively impact mitochondrial function in eggs, promoting energy efficiency and, consequently, improving the overall quality of the eggs.
4. Reduced Aneuploidy:Aneuploidy, the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell, is a common issue
in eggs, particularly as women age. Some studies suggest that DHEA supplementation might reduce the incidence of aneuploidy, potentially lowering the risk of chromosomal abnormalities in embryos.
Research: Examining the Evidence
While there is a growing body of research investigating the potential benefits of DHEA on egg quality, it's important to note that the findings are not universally consistent. Some studies report positive outcomes, while others show no significant improvement or mixed results.
1. Positive Studies:
Several studies have indicated that DHEA supplementation, particularly in women with diminished ovarian reserve or advanced maternal age, may enhance outcomes in assisted reproductive technologies (ART) such as in vitro fertilization (IVF). Improved egg and embryo quality, increased chances of pregnancy, and higher live birth rates have been reported in certain investigations.
2. Inconclusive Findings:On the other hand, some studies have failed to demonstrate a clear advantage of DHEA
supplementation. Factors such as study design, participant characteristics and dosages administered may contribute to the variability in results. The optimal dosage and duration of DHEA supplementation remain areas of ongoing exploration.
Navigating DHEA Supplementation: Considerations and Caveats
Before considering DHEA supplementation, individuals should be aware of several important considerations and potential caveats:
1. Consultation with Healthcare Professionals:Any decision to supplement with DHEA should be made in consultation with a healthcare professional, particularly reproductive endocrinologists or a fertility specialist. These specialists can assess individual circumstances, including overall health, hormonal profiles, and fertility goals.
2. Dosage and Duration:The optimal dosage of DHEA for improving egg quality is a subject of ongoing research. Different studies have employed various dosages, and there is no standardized recommendation. Individuals considering DHEA supplementation should work closely with their healthcare providers to determine the most suitable dosage and duration based on their specific situation.
3. Monitoring and Individualization:Regular monitoring is crucial during DHEA supplementation. Hormonal levels, ovarian response and overall health should be closely tracked to assess the effectiveness and safety of the intervention. Additionally, the response to DHEA can vary among individuals, highlighting the importance of personalized approaches.
4. Potential Side Effects:While DHEA is generally considered safe when used appropriately, potential side effects should be considered. These may include acne, hair growth, and alterations in mood. Monitoring for these effects and adjusting the dosage if necessary is essential.
5. Not a Panacea:DHEA supplementation is not a guaranteed solution for all fertility challenges. It may be more beneficial for specific groups of individuals, such as those with diminished ovarian reserve. Success rates can vary, and other factors contributing to fertility should be addressed concurrently.
Conclusion: Navigating the Complex Landscape
The relationship between DHEA and egg quality is intricate and multifaceted. While there is promising research suggesting potential benefits, the scientific community continues to explore the nuances of this connection. Individuals contemplating DHEA supplementation for fertility should approach it with caution, seeking guidance from healthcare professionals and acknowledging that the efficacy of this intervention may vary. DHEA should not be taken for more than three months to avoid the risk of the adrenal glands losing their own innate ability to produce DHEA effectively. It should also not be used with patients who are oestrogen dominant, as in those who suffer with PCOS or endometriosis, as DHEA is a precursor of oestrogen.
Ultimately, improving egg quality involves a holistic approach encompassing lifestyle factors, nutritional considerations, Acupuncture, Chinese herbal medicine and individualized fertility treatments. DHEA may be a piece of the puzzle for some, but its role should be understood within the broader context of reproductive health. As research progresses, a more comprehensive understanding of the interplay between DHEA and egg quality will likely emerge, offering new insights and potential avenues for improving fertility outcomes.
If you are wanting to improve your egg quality, and you are considering taking DHEA supplementation, why not contact Conceive Clinic at info@conceive.org.uk to book a consultation with a Functional Medicine Practitioner Anga Gonzalez.
